Overview of Crypto-Asset Categories

It’s important to recognize that crypto-assets come in various forms, each with its own set of characteristics and risks. Before you consider investing, it’s crucial to have a firm grasp of these differences and the specific risks they entail.

We encourage you to delve into our summaries of asset risks. These overviews are designed to provide you with a clearer understanding of the primary risks associated with several key categories of crypto-assets available on BUBURUZA BANK.

Stablecoins 

'Stablecoin' refers to a type of crypto-asset, like USDC or USDT, that aims to maintain its value by anchoring it to reserve assets, typically a fiat currency such as the US Dollar. These assets employ various mechanisms to achieve stability, each introducing its own set of risks. 

Counterparty Risk

Dependence on third parties to uphold the collateral (e.g., fiat currencies) introduces a level of risk if those parties fail to manage or face insolvency. 

Redemption Risk

The process for redeeming the asset for its underlying collateral may not function smoothly, especially during times of market stress or due to operational hiccups. 

Collateral Risk

A decrease or volatility in the collateral's value could impact the stablecoin's stability. 

FX Risk

Given the peg to the US Dollar, there's exposure to the fluctuations in the USD:GBP exchange rate. 

Algorithm Risk

Reliance on algorithms for maintaining stability poses a risk if the algorithm malfunctions, potentially leading to significant devaluation. 

Despite the stablecoin label, there's no assurance of maintaining a stable value against the reference asset in secondary markets. Legal ambiguities concerning bankruptcy could complicate access to reserve assets if the issuer faces insolvency. 

DeFi Tokens 

Tokens like UNI and AAVE belong to the realm of Decentralised Finance (DeFi), bringing finance to the blockchain but with inherent risks: 

Smart Contract Risk

Minor flaws in code can lead to exploits, resulting in considerable financial loss. 

Regulatory Risk

The autonomous nature of DeFi might attract regulatory attention, affecting the legality and value of DeFi assets. 

Rug-pulls / Exit Scams

Initiatives by anonymous entities heighten the risk of projects being abandoned, leaving investors with worthless tokens. 

Data/Oracle Risk

DeFi protocols depend on external data, where manipulation or inaccuracies can cause unintended outcomes. 

Protocol Complexity

The intricate workings of DeFi protocols can be baffling, obscuring potential risks for the average investor. 

Wrapped Tokens 

Wrapped assets, such as WETH and WBTC, serve to bridge assets across blockchain protocols, introducing specific risks: 

Smart Contract Risk

Exploitable vulnerabilities in the contract could lead to a loss of funds. 

Collateral Risk

If the collateralization mechanism fails, the value of the wrapped token may not hold. 

Custodial Risk

Mismanagement or security breaches by custodians holding the underlying assets can affect the token's value. 

Bridging Risk

Issues with the technology enabling asset bridging could restrict the transferability or utility of tokens. 

Pricing Disparity

Differences in market dynamics could lead to price variances between the wrapped asset and its underlying asset. 

Meme Coins 

Meme coins, like DOGE and SHIB, ride the wave of community interest and internet trends, yet they come with significant risks: 

Volatility Risk

They are prone to sudden and severe price swings. 

Lack of Utility

Many meme coins offer little beyond the buzz, relying on speculation rather than substance. 

Market Manipulation

Vulnerable to price manipulation schemes that can leave investors out of pocket. 

Lack of Transparency

Scarce information about the projects' teams and ambitions makes it hard to gauge their potential. 

Emotional Investing

The frenzy around meme coins can lead to rash investment decisions, often fuelled by the fear of missing out. 

Staked Crypto-Assets 

Assets like staked ETH or staked ATOM are locked up to support network security, offering rewards but also presenting risks: 

Slashing Risk

If the network penalises your validator for misbehaviour, you could lose your staked assets. 

Liquidity Risk

Lock-up periods may prevent you from accessing or selling your assets when you wish. 

APY Variability

The yield from staking is at the protocol's discretion and can change.

Protocol Risks

Updates to the staking mechanism could introduce new vulnerabilities or unintended effects. 

Arming our users with detailed risk assessments of crypto-assets is key to making informed decisions in the digital asset space. We urge all investors to thoroughly research and assess their risk appetite before diving into the cryptocurrency market.